商标权救济与符号圈地

关键词: 商标/符号圈地/救济 trademark/" sign reserving" /remedy

内容提要: 商标的形式是符号，但只有作为市场信誉指代的符号才是商标。商标法的宗旨是保护市场信誉，而非保护虚空的符号。我国出现了严重的符号圈地现象。所谓“符号圈地”，即以商标权之名，行符号垄断之实。主要表现有两类：1. 注册中的符号圈地；2. 权利行使中的符号圈地。我国商标权救济制度的四大缺陷，是纵容符号圈地的制度根源：1. 对商标注册效力的过度迷信；2. 对商标使用效力的过度漠视；3. 对符号价值的错估；4. 对“商标使用”和“符号使用”的混淆。只有通过商标权救济制度之重塑，使符号圈地者无利可图，才能真正遏制符号圈地。 The trademarks are constituted with signs, but only the signs which represent the goodwill of market are real trademarks. The target of trademark law is to protect the goodwill, not the vacant sign. There exists a serious" sign reserving" phenomenon in our country, which is a sort of sign monopoly in name of" trademark right" . " Sign Reserving" can be classified as two categories: " sign reserving" in registration and" sign reserving" in exploitation. Four defects in our remedy system for trademark rights lead to the" sign reserving" phenomenon: over-trust in the validity of trademark registration, over-ignorance in the validity of trademark using, wrong evaluation for the value of pure sign, confusion between the" trademark using" and" sign using" . Reforming our remedy system to make the" sign reserving" unprofitable is the best way to prevent the" sign reserving"

一、商标与符号

　　知识产权法理论认为，知识产权是智力成果权与商业标记权的总和。这种带有列举式痕迹的定义，留下了一个逻辑疑问：为什么要把这两种权利总和于一处，冠名曰“知识产权”呢？商业标记与智力成果有着本质的区别，前者受到法律保护无须任何智力性要求(如独创性或创造性)，其价值也并非来源于自身的智力性。换言之，一种非智力成果为什么和智力成果集结为同一个法域？答案就在于：商标与智力成果的形态都是符号。对于财产制度而言，最有价值的因素就是财产的形态。类似的财产形态，导致利用财产的行为类似，类似的行为可以适用类似的规范