从“State Street”到“Bilski” ——美国商业方法专利审查标准的演变

1. 参见"Request for Public Comment on the Proposed Examination Guidelines for Computer-Implemented Inventions",

June 2, 1995 (60 FR 28778).

2. 参见AT&T, 172 F.3d, at 1357.

3. 即Interim Guidelines for Examination of Patent Applications for Patent Subject Matter Eligibility.

4. 参见(i) specifi c, (ii) substantial and (iii) credible. Interim Guidelines for Examination of Patent Applications for

Patent Subject Matter Eligibility §2.b.(1).

5. 参见USPTO Utility Guidelines. Federal Register Vol 66 1092 - 1099 (January 5, 2001).

6. 参见the opposite meaning of “tangible” is “abstract”. Interim Guidelines for Examination of Patent

Applications for Patent Subject Matter Eligibility §2.b.(2).

7. 参见the opposite of “concrete” is unrepeatable or unpredictable. Interim Guidelines for Examination of Patent

Applications for Patent Subject Matter Eligibility §2.b.(3).

8. 这三个主要判例是：Gottschalk v. Benson, 409 U.S. 63 (1972), Parker v. Flook, 437 U.S. 584 (1978) 和Diamond v.

Diehr, 450 U.S. 175 (1981).

9. 参见In re Bilski, 545 F.3d 943, 88 U.S.P.Q.2d 1385 (Fed. Cir. 2008).

10. (1) it is tied to a particular machine or apparatus, or (2) it transforms a particular article into a different state or thing.

Benson, 409 U.S. at 70（转换或缩减一个客体变成另一种状况或事物，是判断一个不包含特定机器的程序申请的

可专利性的线索）；Diehr, 450 U.S. at 192（在程序中数学公式的使用，转换或缩减一个客体成为另一种状况或

事物，构成可专利客体）。Flook, 437 U.S. at 589 n.9（一个程序或者与特定设备相结合，或者运行以将原料转

换成为另一种状况或事物，都是受到承认的）。Cochrane v. Deener, 94 U.S. 780, 788 (1876)（一个程序是一个技

术，它在某一客体上执行以转换或缩减成为不同的状况或事物）。

11. 同注释9。

12. Diehr, 450 U.S. at 193 n.14（抽象的数学公式不是法定专利客体，不论该专利是否有意覆盖公式的全部使用

方式或仅仅限制性使用）。

13. 同注释9。

14. 同注释9。